Assessment of best practises and experience in water. Archeological remains of a rwh installation in an old castle of fasil, built in the 15th and 16th centuries, provide evidence for its ancient use in ethiopia getachew 1999. Aug 16, 2016 farmlands in the ethiopian highlands are susceptible to water erosion because of steep slopes and extensive cultivation. Review of water harvesting technologies for food security in. The augmented resources can be harvested whenever needed. The history of water harvesting in ethiopia dated back to 560 bc when rainwater was harvested and stored in. Review of water harvesting technologies for food security. Water harvesting has been promoted in ethiopia on the basis of augmenting rainfed. However, through time it evolved into the modern management of today. Rainwater harvesting is the practice of collecting the water produced during rainfall events before it has a chance to run off into a river or stream or. Conservation techniques conserve water within the biomass and the soil by reducing runoff and keeping the water where it falls, as much as possible. The water handbook is the result of wide collaboration within unicef, and provides a broad overview of stateoftheart programming for water management, protection and supply. Now, most people rely on water from a municipal provider or a water district.
Rain water harvesting rwh techniques have been utilized throughout time as some irrigation methods have been used by the people of ur present iraq around 4500 bc and are at present used in india khadin structures. Water harvesting techniques gather water from an area termed the catchment area and channel it to the cropping area or wherever it is required. The potential of in situ rain water harvesting for water resources. Another report indicated that there was only 22% functional water harvesting. Rainwater harvesting initiatives have helped those facing drought in india, china and mexico and could be the answer to improving water quality in ethiopia on a widespread basis. Rainwater harvesting for smallscale irrigation of maize in the central rift valley, ethiopia.
The scarcity of water in ethiopia is a dire situation in need of relief. Water harvesting has been promoted in ethiopia on the basis of augmenting rainfed agriculture following 19711974 droughts in tigray, wollo and hararge regions. Mali, west africa, as a water and sanitation volunteer in a small rural town of four thousand people, with the hopes that i would be able to continue to build upon my research on rainwater harvesting methods in developing countries, specifically large scale rooftop catchments for potable water. The experience of water harvesting in the drylands of ethiopia. Indigenous practices of water management for sustainable. Future landscapes must conserve water to be sustainable. Rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation of onions. In general, water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater. Rwh has received renewed attention from policymakers in the past few decades as a response to frequent droughts. Our earth is covered with 75% of water and 25% of land but water scarcity is a global issue because the large extent of water is not used for the domestic purpose, irrigation purpose and one of the solutions for such problem is the rainwater harvesting. In urban areas, harvesting rainwater for irrigation will take the strain off municipal water supplies, delay building expensive new water treatment plants, and reduce. Rain harvesting to improve water quality in ethiopia. Bizoza and gloria umutoni abstract this study was carried out in nyaruguru district, southern province of rwanda.
Harvesting, storing, and treating rainwater for domestic use chapter 1 introduction rainwater and snowmelt are the primary sources of all drinking water on the planet. Introduction ethiopia has a total population of 73. Introduction to water harvesting free download as powerpoint presentation. The cost of digging a catchment area even can be saved by rooftop collection of rainwater. Rainwater harvesting technology practices and implication of. Water harvesting systems can range from a simple barrel at the end of the downspout to multiple tanks buried in the ground with numerous pumps and controls. Nevertheless, developing economies, particularly in subsaharan africa, have not been. Rainwater harvesting, besides being ecofriendly, is an economic practice as well. The case of alaba woreda, ethiopia rebeka amha ilri, addis ababa, ethiopia.
Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. Rain water harvesting as additional water supply for multi. Water security in the 21 st century 2 water harvesting the history of water harvesting in ethiopia dated back as early as the pre axumite period 560 bc. This booklet explains how to collect, store and purify rainwater for direct use at household level. Opportunities lie in the government buyin and the knowledge gathered during over 15 years of rwh research.
One method of improving water quality in ethiopia is to implement rainwater harvesting techniques. The water handbook is the result of wide collaboration within unicef, and provides a broad overview of stateoftheart programming. Rainwater is often the only viable water source in arid regions or on islands where other water sources may be high in salt, limited in availability, or very expensive. Turning finance into services for 2015 and beyond 1. Surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia 109 6. Between 8090% of ethiopia s water resources is found in the four river basins namely, abay blue nile, tekeze, baro akobo, and omo gibe in the west and southwestern part of ethiopia where the population is no more. It is one of the purest form of water found on earth, because it is collected after it has vaporized and is almost as good as distilled water. Highlights we present challenges and opportunities to the upscaling of rainwater harvesting rwh in south africa. Ethiopian water sector policy ethiopian legal brief. The actual materials and methods used will vary with the catchment surface, the location and size of storage containers, and how the water will be used. The publishers and the rainwater harvesting implementation network rain are pleased to present this longawaited agrodok on rainwater harvesting rwh for domestic use that supplements agrodok no.
This chapter provides evidence from yemen and tigray region in ethiopia, where road water harvesting has. Regardless of whether you want a little water for your spring flowers or a lot for your crops, both you and your environment will benefit from harvesting rainwater. Rainwater harvesting is a strategy of collection and storage space of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the seepage of surface water into subsoil water channels. United nations office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs ochaethiopia. Mar 27, 2014 rainwater harvesting is increasingly viewed as a major strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many droughtprone areas. The lack of clean water resources in ethiopia cause widespread issues including. Download pdf open epub full article content list abstract. Despite notable efforts of developing macrocatchment rainwater harvesting rwh techniques, few studies have evaluated the performance of. Introduction the african ministers council on water amcow commissioned the production of a second round of country status overviews csos to better understand what underpins progress in water supply and sanitation and what its member. A case study of nyaruguru district, southern province alfred r. Determine the efficiency in water harvesting of two rwh cisterns at the test field. Water harvesting technologies a challenge to ethiopia.
Pdf socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in. While this technology is being promoted in many developing countries, there is conflicting evidence in the literature about its impact on welfare of farm households. Impacts of rainwaterharvesting and socio economic factors. This thesis examines the economic aspects of water harvesting by exploring. Farmlands in the ethiopian highlands are susceptible to water erosion because of steep slopes and extensive cultivation. Rainfall can provide some of the cleanest naturally occurring water that is available. Rainwater harvesting seminar and ppt with pdf report. The high annual rainfall rates make rainwater harvesting one of the best options to mitigate water. Pdf socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in ethiopia. Challenges are the water related legislations, inadequate financial support and the lack of national coordination. Thus, the goal of waterharvesting strategy collapsed and the government stopped working on that after the period of years 2003 to 2005. The aim is to assess the socioeconomic impacts of rain water harvesting r wh.
Rain is the first form of water that we know in the hydrological cycle, hence is a primary source of water for us. Impact of small scale water harvesting on household. Recent development in water harvesting practices in ethiopia. In fact, water harvesting is regarded as the main pillar of national food security strategy in ethiopia fdre, 2002a. Water harvesting is a traditional conservation technique, and there is general agreement that conserving water will promote agricultural production, especially in arid and semiarid regions.
The role of water harvesting to achieve sustainable agricultural intensification and resilience against water related shocks in subsaharan africa december 20 participatory planning of appropriate rainwater harvesting and management techniques in the. Rainwater harvesting rwh in ethiopia dates back to the preaxumit period 560bc ketsela 2009. Water harvesting in its broadest sense can be defined as the collection of runoff for its productive use. Rain water harvesting, food security, propensity score matching, logistic regression. For instance, this assessment report indicated that more. Water harvesting is the collection of runoff for p roductive purposes. Water harvesting for multiple use in ethiopia mustrain 3 roles of partners the irc international water and sanitation centre is a thinkand do tank focused on the wash and iwrm sectors but with a strong interest in crosssectoral approaches to development and a background as a founder member of the mus group. Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for more than 4,000 years, owing to. Pdf clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the high population. Between 8090% of ethiopias water resources is found in the four river basins namely, abay blue nile, tekeze, baro akobo, and omo gibe in the west and southwestern part of ethiopia where the population is no more. Rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation of onions in. Active rainwater harvesting systems are typically fitted with one or more pumps, electronic water level sensors, system controllers, and water treatment systems and are supported by often municipal or private well water supplies as a backup water source. This study uses propensity score matching and discrete choice. Socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in ethiopia.
In the tigray highlands of northern ethiopia, the role of in situ rainwater harvesting rwh in. Socioeconomic impacts of rain water harvesting technologies in rwanda. Rain water harvesting as additional water supply for multistorey buildings in arba minch, ethiopia. Wells ran dry or provided poor quality water, so rainwater was sometimes the best alternative. Tyrolean weir or bottom intake from streams, east africa.
It is one of the purest form of water found on earth, because it is collected after it. Clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the high population growth, water pollution and climate change. Thus, there is now increasing interest to the low cost alternative. Today rainwater harvesting is being used worldwide for drinking human and livestock and agricultural purposes. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha meselech seyoum ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha secretariat, addis ababa, ethiopia background the global concern water is a finite and limited resource upon which human wellbeing and socioeconomic development depend. Surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. The high annual rainfall rates make rainwater harvesting one of the best options to. One can easily understand that watercentered development is the key for. According to the ministry of agriculture, in ethiopia, there were modern water storage and water management systems for irrigation purposes. Rainwater harvesting, in its broadest sense, is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater for human use from rooftops, land surfaces or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars and pots as well as engineered techniques. Pdf rainwater harvesting for smallscale irrigation of. Assessment of adoption and impact of rainwater harvesting. The history of water harvesting in ethiopia dated back to 560 bc. In response to the negative impacts of climate change, the government of ethiopia and nongovernmental organizations have implemented various rain water.
Agricultural water scarcity is a major limiting factor for crop production in dry land regions of subsaharan africa ssa. In an effort to address the problems of recurrent droughts and food insecurity the gov. The big and main water resources problem in ethiopia is the uneven spatial and temporal occurrence and distribution. Upon approval, the columbia water center cwc team at the earth institute, columbia university, focused on planning a visit to the. A large number of water harvesting technologies have also been implemented with support from the government. Dec 26, 2017 rainwater harvesting is a strategy of collection and storage space of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the seepage of surface water into subsoil water channels. Rainwater harvesting is the practice of collecting the water produced during rainfall events.
Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association. As reported by various news outlets, nearly 75 percent of ethiopias 83 million people do not have access to clean drinking water making water contamination the leading cause of illness in the country. In the eastern part of ethiopia, water shortage and lack of improved. Impact of small scale water harvesting on household poverty. It focuses on the household level, where most adaptation and coping strategies are implemented.
Economic analysis of water harvesting technologies in ethiopia. Design and technical evaluation of improved rainwater. The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the groundwater. The system is made up of components that catch, convey, clean, store, and distribute water figure 1. Water harvesting techniques, which harvest runoff from roofs or ground surfaces fall under. Assessment of best practises and experience in water harvesting. Opportunities lie in the government buy in and the knowledge gathered during over 15 years of rwh research. Effect of in situ water harvesting techniques on soil and. Introduction to water harvesting water resources harvest. Pdf social and economic potential of rainwater harvesting in. Water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater,which can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the groundwater.
Rainwaterharvesting, food security, propensity score matching, logistic regression. Our earth is covered with 75% of water and 25% of land but water scarcity is a global issue because the large extent of water is not used for the domestic purpose, irrigation purpose and one of the solutions for such problem is the rainwater harvesting in the areas of regular rainfall, the perfect alternative to overcome the water. Rainwater harvesting is increasingly viewed as a major strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many droughtprone areas. Rainwater harvesting is a particularly suitable technology for areas where. This costly, high quality water is also used for landscape irrigation, when rainwater harvesting could provide an alternative. This study uses propensity score matching and discrete choice regression. The rain water harvesting may be defined as the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer before it is lost as surface run off. Despite notable efforts of developing macrocatchment rainwater harvesting rwh techniques, few studies have evaluated the performance of rwh for deficit supplemental irrigation of crops.
This includes water diversion schemes, water storage dams, micro irrigation systems, rainwater harvesting and shallow ground water harvesting techniques. Draft project proposal on rainwater harvesting at nit campus. Runoff may be harvested from roofs and ground surfaces as well as from intermittent or ephemeral watercourses. Unicef programme division is pleased to present the water handbook part of the guidelines series on water, environment and sanitation. Behailu and others published water harvesting in northern ethiopia. There is considerable scope for the collection of rainwater when it falls, before huge losses occur due to evaporation, transpiration, and runoff and drainage before it becomes contaminated by natural means or manmade activities. Harvested rainwater was used for agricultural and water supply purpose. The results strongly support the idea that water harvesting technology induces fertilizer use, indicating that water harvesting can increase fertilizer use and hence crop yields in ethiopia.
1043 1346 1562 1112 617 574 719 776 48 520 100 649 152 499 651 494 1169 769 891 679 1138 1316 1133 1175 281 712 329 167 736 1366 1101 750 402 1033 410